Sample and hold circuit

ABSTRACT

An electronic circuit comprising a sample and hold circuit (S/H) for sampling and temporarily holding an input data signal (U i , I i ), comprising means (S; T s ) for the sampling of a data voltage (U 1 ) which corresponds to the input data signal (U i , I i ), a capacitive element (C 1 ) for temporarily holding the sampled voltage (U C ), and means (CPR) for compressing the voltage range of the data voltage (U 1 ) which is to be sampled. The electronic circuit is further provided with expansion means (EXP) for converting the sampled voltage (U C1 ) into a sampled output data signal (I 0 ) in a manner such that it corresponds linearly to the input data signal (U i , I i ). This is achieved, for example, by using a first field effect transistor (T 1 ) for the compression means (CPR) and a second field effect transistor (T 2 ) for the expansion means (EXP). The gate-source voltage of the first field effect transistor (T 1 ) forms the data voltage (U 1 ) which is compressed since the drain-source current of the first field effect transistor (T 1 ) is linear with respect to the input data signal (U i , I i ). The first (T 1 ) and second (T 2 ) field effect transistors in fact form a sample and hold current mirror. Thus, though the output current of the sample and hold current mirror is approximately linear with respect to the input current, the output current is a sampled version of the input current.

[0001] The invention relates to an electronic circuit comprising a sample and hold circuit for sampling and holding an input data signal, comprising switching means for sampling a data voltage which corresponds to the input data signal and a capacitive element for temporarily holding the sampled voltage.

[0002] Such electronic circuits are known from the prior art and are used inter alia in various types of analog-to-digital converters. There is a general trend in the design of electronic circuits towards operation at low supply voltages. The minimum required supply voltage in known sample and hold circuits is equal to or higher than the maximum value of the sampled voltage which corresponds to a maximum voltage of the input data signal.

[0003] It is accordingly a problem of known sample and hold circuits that they do not function at supply voltages which are lower than the maximum voltage of the input data signal.

[0004] It is an object of the invention, therefore, to provide an electronic circuit with an improved sample and hold circuit which can operate at a lower supply voltage.

[0005] According to the invention, the electronic circuit mentioned in the opening paragraph is for this purpose characterized in that the electronic circuit comprises compression means for compressing the voltage range of the data voltage to be sampled.

[0006] The presence of the compression means reduces the maximum value of the sampled voltage across the capacitive element. As a result, the electronic circuit can operate at a lower supply voltage.

[0007] An embodiment of an electronic circuit according to the invention is characterized in that the electronic circuit further comprises expansion means for converting the sampled voltage into a sampled output data signal which corresponds approximately linearly to the input data signal.

[0008] The expansion means supply a current which is dependent approximately linearly on the input data signal. As a result, the output data signal is substantially undistorted, while nevertheless the electronic circuit can operate at a lower supply voltage.

[0009] An embodiment of an electronic circuit according to the invention is characterized in that the compression means comprise a first transistor with a main current path which is designed to pass a current which is substantially linearly dependent on the input data signal, a control voltage of the first transistor constituting the data voltage to be sampled in the operational state, and in that the expansion means comprise a second transistor such that the sampled voltage constitutes a control voltage for the second transistor in the operational state, while the second transistor comprises a main current path for supplying the sampled output data signal.

[0010] The first and the second transistor are mutually matched, so that they in fact form a current mirror, i.e. the output current of the current mirror is a sampled version of the input current of the current mirror. The first and the second transistor may be constructed as bipolar transistors or as field effect transistors.

[0011] The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawing, in which:

[0012]FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the operating principle of a sample and hold circuit according to the invention,

[0013]FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of a sample and hold circuit according to the invention, and

[0014]FIG. 3 shows an analog-to-digital converter which is provided with two sample and hold circuits according to the embodiment of FIG. 2.

[0015] Identical components or elements have been given the same reference symbols in these Figures.

[0016]FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the principle of the sample and hold circuit according to the invention. The circuit comprises compression means CPR, switching means S under the control of a clock signal CLK, a capacitive element constructed with a capacitor T₁, and expansion means EXP. The compression means CPR receive an input data signal in the form of an input voltage U_(i) or an input current I_(i) and convert this input data signal into a compressed data voltage U₁. The data voltage U₁ is sampled by the switching means S such that a sampled voltage U_(C1) arises which is held by the capacitor C₁. The sampled U_(C1) is converted by the expansion means into an output data signal formed by the output current I_(o).

[0017]FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of an embodiment of a sample and hold circuit S/H according to the invention. The compression means CPR are constructed with a first field effect transistor T₁ and a current source CS for providing a DC current through the first field effect transistor T₁. The expansion means CPR are constructed with a second field effect transistor T₂. The sample and hold circuit S/H further comprises an amplifier AMP with a non-inverting input, an inverting input, and an output, a resistor R, a field effect transistor T_(s) which forms the switching means of FIG. 2, and the capacitor C₁. The resistor R is connected between an input terminal 1 and the non-inverting input of the amplifier AMP. The first field effect transistor T₁ is connected by a gate to the output of the amplifier AMP. The source of the transistor T₁ is connected to a reference voltage. The drain of the transistor T₁ is connected to the current source CS and to the non-inverting input of the amplifier AMP. A switching transistor, constructed with a field effect transistor T_(s) in this example, is connected by a source to the gate of the first field effect transistor T₁ and by a drain to the gate of the second field effect transistor T₂. The gate of the transistor T_(s) receives a clock signal so as to be able to sample the data voltage U₁ which is present between the gate and the source of the first field effect transistor T₁ and to supply the sampled voltage U_(C1) to the capacitor C₁. The circuit operates as follows. The amplifier AMP and the field effect transistor T₁ form a negative feedback system, so that the non-inverting input of the amplifier AMP forms a so-called virtual ground. As a result, the input voltage U_(i) is converted via the resistor R into an input current I_(i) which flows through the drain-source path of the first transistor T₁. This generates a gate-source voltage between the gate and the source of the first transistor T₁ which constitutes the data voltage U₁ . Owing to the characteristic of this field effect transistor T₁, the data voltage U₁ is a compressed version of the input voltage U_(i). It is also possible, more directly, to have a data input current I_(i) flow through the drain-source path of the first field effect transistor T₁. This may be achieved, for example, through the omission of the resistor R and the amplifier AMP and through a connection of both the gate and the drain of the first field effect transistor T₁ to the input terminal 1. The data voltage U₁ is sampled by means of the field effect transistor T_(s), which acts as a switch, so that the sampled voltage is temporarily stored in the capacitor C₁. The second field effect transistor T₂ converts this sampled voltage U_(C1) into an output current I₀. Since the first and the second field effect transistors T₁ and T₂ are mutually matched, the output current I₀ is linear with respect to the input current I_(i), and accordingly also with respect to the input voltage U_(i).

[0018]FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of an analog-to-digital converter ADC which comprises two sample and hold circuits in accordance with the principle of FIG. 2. The elements of the second sample and hold circuit have been given the same reference symbols, but with the addition of the letter B. The actual analog-to-digital converter is built up from a first part of the ADC for generating the most significant bits and a second part of the ADC for generating the less significant (remaining) bits. The first and the second part are usually denoted the coarse and the fine part, respectively. The ADC further comprises a field effect transistor T₃ which is connected by a gate to the gate of the second field effect transistor T₂ and by a source to the source of the second field effect transistor T₂. A same current I₀ flows in the drain-source path of the third transistor T₃ as in the drain-source path of the second transistor T₂. The current I₀ supplied by the second transistor T₂ is converted by the coarse analog-to-digital converter AD₁ into the most significant bits, which are denoted MSB. These bits MSB are supplied to a digital-to-analog converter DA for supplying a so-called coarse current I_(coarse). The difference between the current I_(coarse)and I₀ supplied by the transistor T₃ is denoted I_(res). I_(res) is the so-called residue and contains information on the LSB bits of the analog-to-digital converter ADC yet to be generated. The residue I_(res) is supplied to the input of the second sample and hold circuit and is treated in the same manner as the input current I_(i) in the first sample and hold circuit. The transistor T_(2B), finally, supplies the current denoted I_(0B), which is converted by the fine analog-to-digital converter AD₂ so as to deliver the least significant bits, which are denoted LSB. The bits MSB and LSB together form the complete digital word.

[0019] The electronic circuit may be implemented with discrete components or may be used as part of an integrated circuit. Field effect transistors may be replaced by bipolar transistors. It is also possible to replace all N-conductivity type transistors by P-conductivity type transistors. 

1. An electronic circuit comprising a sample and hold circuit (S/H) for sampling and holding an input data signal (U_(I), I_(i)), comprising switching means (S;T_(S)) for sampling a data voltage (U₁) which corresponds to the input data signal (U_(I) , I_(i) ) and a capacitive element (C₁) for temporarily holding the sampled voltage (U_(C1)), characterized in that the electronic circuit comprises compression means (CPR) for compressing the voltage range of the data voltage (U₁) to be sampled.
 2. An electronic circuit as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the electronic circuit further comprises expansion means (EXP) for converting the sampled voltage (U_(C1)) into a sampled output data signal (I₀) which corresponds approximately linearly to the input data signal (U₁, I_(i)).
 3. An electronic circuit as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the compression means (CPR) comprise a first transistor (T₁) with a main current path which is designed to pass a current which is substantially linearly dependent on the input data signal (U_(I), I_(i)), a control voltage of the first transistor (T₁) constituting the data voltage (U₁) to be sampled in the operational state, and in that the expansion means (EXP) comprise a second transistor (T₂) such that the sampled voltage (U_(C1)) constitutes a control voltage for the second transistor (T₂) in the operational state, while the second transistor (T₂) comprises a main current path for supplying the sampled output data signal (U₀, I₀).
 4. An analog-to-digital converter with an input for receiving a sampled data signal (I₀) originating from a sample and hold circuit (S/H), characterized in that the sample and hold circuit (S/H) is of a type as defined in any one of the preceding claims. 